Rocca di Ostia, Medieval fortress in Ostia Antica, Italy
Rocca di Ostia is a fortress with a triangular footprint featuring three towers - two circular and one polygonal - connected by defensive walkways and surrounded by thick brick walls. Inside are princely apartments, courtyards, and chambers that transform it from a simple defensive structure into a residence.
Construction began in 1483 under Pope Sixtus IV with architect Baccio Pontelli to protect Rome's coastal area from pirate attacks. The fortress incorporated an earlier tower and underwent several modifications as defensive technology evolved.
The fortress combines military function with cardinal's residence, creating a structure that served both defense and displays of ecclesiastical power. This blend of fortress and palace shows how the Church projected authority over Rome's coastal gateway.
The fortress is open only on certain days and visits are typically part of guided tours through the archaeological park. Wear comfortable shoes and check opening times before arriving, as conditions can vary seasonally.
The interior staircase is decorated with frescoes by Renaissance artist Baldassarre Peruzzi commissioned by Cardinal Raffaele Riario. These elaborate wall paintings reveal how the cardinal patron valued artistic grandeur alongside military strength.
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