Panzano Observatory, Astronomical observatory in Castelfranco Emilia, Italy.

The Panzano Observatory was an observatory in the village of Panzano, about 3 km north-northwest of the centre of Castelfranco Emilia near Bologna. Cornelio Malvasia built it in the early 1640s, and Giovanni Cassini worked there. No telescopes or instruments are documented in the sources.

Cornelio Malvasia built the observatory in the early 1640s in the village of Panzano, about 3 km north-northwest of Castelfranco Emilia near Bologna. Giovanni Cassini worked there. The sources record no further construction phases or later changes to the site.

The observatory takes its name from the village of Panzano, in the comune of Castelfranco Emilia, where Cornelio Malvasia built it in the early 1640s. Giovanni Cassini, later director of the Paris Observatory, worked there, so the site is tied to a figure of 17th-century astronomy rather than to any surviving building open to the public.

The observatory stood in the village of Panzano, about 3 km north-northwest of the centre of Castelfranco Emilia, near Bologna. No structure open to visitors is documented today, so the site is approached as a location in the plain rather than a museum. The village lies in the flat Po Valley landscape, reached by roads through farmland.

The observatory was built in the early 1640s by Cornelio Malvasia, a Bolognese senator and amateur astronomer, at his estate in Panzano. Giovanni Cassini, later director of the Paris Observatory, worked there before leaving for France in 1669.