Forte Busa Grande, Military fortress in Vignola-Falesina, Italy
Forte Busa Grande is an Austro-Hungarian armoured artillery battery built in 1915 on the Busa Grande knoll above Levico Terme, at about 1,500 metres. Its roughly 110-metre main tunnel runs north-south through the rock, with side galleries up to 60 metres long. East of the tunnel are two gun shafts about 12 metres high and 20 metres apart, and three armoured cupolas were set apart to make harder artillery targets.
An Austrian military fortification was built in 1915 under Captain Emil Huetter's supervision and completed in just three and a half months using Russian prisoners. The structure formed part of the First World War defense system in this mountain region.
The fort's name comes from the Busa Grande hilltop, and the German Ersatzwerk means replacement work, since it took over the guns of Forte Colle delle Bene. Its garrison was about 50 men of the Festungsartillerieregiment Nr. 1 "Trient" plus some 50 Standschützen of Battalion Kaltern II. Since 2016 it has been a museum site with multilingual information panels.
The site is reached on foot from Compet, where a former military road branches off the Levico–Vetriolo provincial road; the walk takes 20 to 30 minutes. The fort is open in the summer months, since September 2016, and has electric lighting inside. The access tunnel to the artillery observation post is blocked a few metres in.
The three armoured cupolas were deliberately spaced apart so enemy artillery would not have an easy target; the northernmost one housed the artillery observer. The main tunnel runs about 110 metres north-south through the summit, with side galleries up to 60 metres long. The two gun shafts, roughly 12 metres high and 20 metres apart, were fully cleared during the 2014-2016 restoration.
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