Saint Sophia Cathedral, Eastern Orthodox cathedral in Veliky Novgorod, Russia
Saint Sophia Cathedral is a brick structure featuring five helmet-shaped domes, with the central one capped in gold. It stands within the Novgorod Kremlin and is marked by narrow windows and thick, austere exterior walls.
Built between 1045 and 1052, this cathedral is the oldest Orthodox church building still in use anywhere in Russia. It has stood as a symbol of the region's religious and political power since its completion.
The cathedral holds medieval frescos and religious artworks that reflect how faith was practiced in this region. It remains the heart of the local church community and continues to serve worshippers today.
The cathedral functions as an active place of worship and displays its interior treasures to visitors during open hours. Visitors should wear appropriate clothing and expect to encounter religious ceremonies taking place regularly.
The central dome is crowned with a lead dove perched on its cross, a symbol that spent 60 years in Madrid. The artifact returned to the cathedral in 2004 and has adorned the top ever since.
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