Tepe-Kermen, Mountain fortress in Bakhchysarai Raion, Ukraine
Tepe-Kermen is a mountain fortress in the Bakhchysarai region with a flat-topped plateau surrounded by steep limestone cliffs. The plateau contains over 200 artificial caves and passages distributed across its surface.
The settlement was founded in the 5th century under Byzantine influence and flourished most during the 12th century. After that, the site gradually declined as the region's political and economic conditions shifted.
The caves reveal how different religious communities and everyday activities coexisted within the same settlement over many centuries. Visitors can observe distinct spaces for storage, gathering, and prayer, showing how residents organized their lives in these carved chambers.
The hike to the top requires sturdy shoes and should be done in dry weather, as the paths can become slippery when wet. Plan time to explore the caves and bring water and a flashlight to navigate dark passages safely.
In the northeastern section, a temple-basilica carved into the rock contains columns and religious symbols from different periods. This layering of elements reveals how successive groups left their mark on the site.
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