Les Baux-de-Provence, Medieval fortress village in Bouches-du-Rhône, France
Les Baux-de-Provence is a fortified settlement on a rocky plateau in the Bouches-du-Rhône department of Provence. The built area stretches along narrow lanes of pale limestone and is crowned by the remains of a medieval castle that looks out over the surrounding valleys and olive groves.
The barony arose in the 10th century on this strategic rocky plateau and controlled up to 79 surrounding settlements. The family claimed descent from the biblical Magi and carried the Star of Bethlehem in their coat of arms.
The name comes from the Provençal word for rocky outcrop, reflecting its position on a steep limestone plateau. The remaining stone houses blend into the natural landscape and form a continuous ensemble with the castle ruins.
The castle grounds and lanes are explored on foot, with sturdy shoes recommended because of the uneven terrain. The location on the rocky plateau means inclines and steps, so allow some time for walking at a comfortable pace.
Geologist Pierre Berthier discovered a reddish ore here in 1821, which he named after the place and which was later recognized as an important aluminum source. Today the term bauxite recalls this Provençal discovery site around the world.
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