Memorial to the Battle of Smolensk, Federal cultural heritage site in Smolensk, Russia.
The Memorial to the Battle of Smolensk is a 26-metre cast-iron pyramid on a round stepped base, cast at the Alexander Foundry in Saint Petersburg and weighing about 300 tonnes. Eight pairs of columns with gilded eagles surround the pyramid, which ends in an onion-shaped cupola with a gilded bronze cross. A niche on the east side holds an image of the Smolensk Mother of God Hodegetria, and below it a metal board with a relief plan of the battle.
In 1835 Nicholas I ordered sixteen standard cast-iron monuments for key battle sites; Smolensk's, designed by Antonio Adamini, was unveiled on 5 November 1841, the 29th anniversary of the city's liberation from the French. It was the first monument in Smolensk to the Patriotic War of 1812. During the Great Patriotic War the occupying forces damaged it and removed both cannons; one was never found and a replacement now stands in its place.
The monument's official name, "Monument to the Defenders of Smolensk of 4–5 August 1812", is tied to the battle dates. Its opening on 5 November 1841 fell on the 29th anniversary of the city's liberation from the French, and was marked by a church service, a procession, a formal dinner for the provincial elite and a ball.
The monument stands on the central alley of Lopatinsky Garden, on the site of the former parade ground where the Smolensk garrison held drills and prayers. Two French cannons found in 1856 flank it on cast-iron carriages bearing the inscription of 1873, surrounded by an iron fence. Look for the metal plaque with the relief plan of the battle below the icon on the east side.
Two French cannons found in 1856 while digging foundations for a men's gymnasium were placed beside the monument in 1873 on carriages cast at the Bryansk Arsenal; the inscriptions naming generals Barantsev, Godolin and Shpakovsky survive. One cannon disappeared during the Second World War and was replaced by another.
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