Ani, Medieval archaeological site in Kars Merkez, Turkey.
Ani is a medieval archaeological site in Kars Province, Turkey, sitting on a volcanic plateau right at the border with Armenia. The ruins spread across a wide area, enclosed by thick fortified walls that run for several kilometers and remain partly intact.
Ani became the capital of the Bagratuni Armenian kingdom in 961 under King Ashot III and grew rapidly under Smbat II. It was not on a pre-existing trade route but became a trading hub through its size and wealth. Sacked by the Mongols in 1236, it was abandoned by the 17th century after the 1319 earthquake and shifting trade routes.
The name Ani comes from the fortress-city of Ani-Kamakh in Upper Armenia, a pre-Christian religious center; it is also linked to the goddess Anahita. The "1,001 churches" was a nickname, not the meaning. Excavations have uncovered 50 churches, 33 cave chapels and 20 chapels.
The site lies about 40 kilometers (25 miles) east of Kars and is best reached by car or organized tour. The ground is large and uneven, so comfortable shoes and enough time for a full walk are recommended.
The cathedral displays early elements of Gothic construction such as pointed arches and ribbed vaults, which later became widespread in European church design. This style appeared here in the 11th century, long before it gained popularity in the West.
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