Trapezitsa, Medieval fortress on Trapezitsa Hill in Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria
Trapezitsa is a medieval fortress on a hill in Veliko Tarnovo that spreads across a naturally elevated plateau and rises about 80 meters above the Yantra River. The site has four entrances, with the main southeastern gate connected by a bridge to the neighboring Tsarevets fortress.
The hill was inhabited in prehistoric times but developed into a major fortress of the Second Bulgarian Empire during the 13th century. This extensive fortification made it one of the key defensive structures protecting the medieval Bulgarian capital.
Archaeological finds show foundations of around 17 churches decorated with colored tiles, clay work, and mosaics that reflect medieval Bulgarian building practices. These remains give a sense of how faith and daily life were deeply connected in this period.
The site is best explored on foot with multiple paths leading up to the plateau at varying difficulty levels. Comfortable shoes are recommended and allow plenty of time to see all four entrance areas and the archaeological sites spread across the hilltop.
The name comes from trapezits, soldiers who guarded mountain passes and established the first settlement on the hill. This specialized guard unit shaped the site's early development and gave it a name that has lasted to the present day.
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