Quinta del Duque del Arco, Historical garden in El Pardo, Spain.
Quinta del Duque del Arco is a baroque garden estate in El Pardo, 3.5 km from the village, within Madrid. Its more than 10,000 m² are laid out on four terraces held by high retaining walls and linked by ramps and stairs. Each terrace has French-style parterres; the main axis ends at a grotto, not the palace, which stands to one side on a saddle.
In 1745, the widow of Duke del Arco donated the estate to King Felipe V, who later incorporated it into the Royal Site of El Pardo. The mansion was preserved as a private event venue while the gardens remained accessible to visitors.
The garden's designer is unknown; it may date from the duke's lifetime or from Felipe V's later improvements. Its French-style parterres respect a rising perspective axis, but the vista ends at an artificial grotto rather than the palace, which stands off-axis on a side knoll, a Spanish trait. Decorative pieces such as the mask cascade, exedra and niche wall recall Italian Renaissance gardens.
The gardens are open free of charge; the palace itself is rented by Patrimonio Nacional for private events and cannot be visited. The fountains run only on Saturday and Sunday mornings. The four terraces are linked by ramps and staircases on a steep slope, so allow time for the climb.
Two redwood sequoias stand off the garden's main axis, breaking the perspective that runs up the four terraces. The Spanish sources call them the largest trees in the world, a claim that fits the species rather than these two specimens; they are simply mature examples planted in a baroque parterre.
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