Neue Wache, Memorial building on Unter den Linden boulevard, Berlin, Germany

The Neue Wache is a Neoclassical building on Unter den Linden in Berlin's Mitte district, featuring Doric columns and a balanced symmetrical facade. Inside, a vast nearly empty hall surrounds a single central sculpture beneath an opening to the sky.

Built 1816–1818 by Karl Friedrich Schinkel as a royal guardhouse and memorial to the Wars of Liberation, the Neue Wache was inaugurated on 18 September 1818 during Tsar Alexander I's visit. In 1931 Heinrich Tessenow converted it into a memorial for World War I dead; after wartime bombing it was rebuilt (1957–1960) as East Germany's Memorial to the Victims of Fascism and Militarism, and since 1993 it has been the Federal Republic's Central Memorial for the Victims of War and Tyranny.

Since 1993 the hall has held Käthe Kollwitz's enlarged bronze "Mother with her Dead Son", placed under the open oculus; Helmut Kohl's choice of this Pietà in place of Tessenow's oak wreath caused a heated public controversy. On Remembrance Day and official wreath-laying ceremonies a guard from the Bundeswehr's Guard Battalion stands at the building.

The memorial is a short walk from Friedrichstraße station and sits between the Zeughaus and Humboldt University. Since 2017 the building has step-free access, new lighting and an anti-graffiti coating. The hall is unheated, and the oculus in the ceiling lets rain and snow fall onto the floor.

The ceiling above the central sculpture has a large circular opening through which rain and snow fall directly onto the artwork. This unusual feature makes the sculpture part of the changing seasons and weather conditions.