Kagoshima Prefectural Museum, Natural history museum in Shiroyama-chō, Japan.

Kagoshima Prefectural Museum is a natural history museum in Shiroyama-chō, Kagoshima, made up of a main building, an annex and a former archaeological materials hall. The main building, opened in 1981, has a special exhibition room on the first floor and natural history galleries on the second and third floors. The annex on the fourth floor of Hozan Hall holds a planetarium and fossil room with mounted Allosaurus and Camptosaurus skeletons.

The museum's origins lie in a natural history committee set up inside the Kagoshima Prefectural Library in 1912, followed by a local history room in 1913. The present main building opened in 1927 as the prefectural library, the first reinforced-concrete library in Kyushu, and was converted into the museum in 1980-81. It was registered as a Tangible Cultural Property in 2008.

The museum displays the geographical diversity of the prefecture through exhibits and models that reflect how the landscape shapes daily life and understanding of nature in the region. Visitors can see how the environment and local features have influenced the community.

The museum sits at the base of Mount Shiroyama and is easily reached while exploring the city center on foot. The building spans multiple levels, so plan to spend several hours exploring at a relaxed pace.

The annex occupies the fourth floor of Hozan Hall, a separate building from the main museum. There a planetarium shares space with a fossil room where mounted skeletons of Allosaurus and Camptosaurus stand. The main building's own history reaches back to 1927, when it was built as the prefectural library, the first reinforced-concrete library in Kyushu.