Fort de Médine, Colonial fortress in Kayes, Mali
Fort de Médine is a stone fortress in Kayes, Mali, positioned on elevated ground overlooking the Senegal River. The structure features high defensive walls, guard towers, and military buildings that command views across the river valley.
The fortress was built in the 1850s under the orders of a French governor as a strategic stronghold. It came under siege by a local army for several months, demonstrating its critical role in regional power struggles.
The fortress marks where French colonial forces and local communities intersected during a time of territorial change. Walking through it today shows how two different powers competed for control of this river region.
The fortress is open daily, and hiring a guide helps explain the military design and defensive layout. Wear sturdy shoes as the pathways can be uneven and the terrain is elevated.
The fortress sits at the location where the Senegal River reaches its last major waterfall, making this the farthest point boats from the Atlantic coast could travel upstream. This geographic detail made the site invaluable for controlling river trade moving in either direction.
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