Tonga, Island nation in South Pacific Ocean
Tonga is a Polynesian kingdom in the southern Pacific formed by 176 islands scattered across the ocean, divided into four main groups: Tongatapu, Ha'apai, Vava'u and the Niuas. The inhabited islands show different landscapes, from flat coral atolls to raised limestone formations separated by narrow channels and lagoons.
Polynesian settlers reached these islands around 900 BCE and later founded the Tu'i Tonga dynasty in the 10th century, which ruled for over five centuries. A constitution in 1875 limited the monarchy's power, and after a period as a British protectorate starting in 1900, the country regained full independence in 1970.
This kingdom follows a system of royalty, nobility and common people that shapes how locals greet each other and celebrate festivals like Heilala, which features music contests and beauty pageants. Ceremonial respect shows in gestures, dress and communal duties that visitors can watch during public gatherings.
Whale watching season between July and October draws visitors to the Vava'u archipelago, where licensed operators organize swimming trips with humpback whales. Tongatapu hosts the international airport, and ferries connect the island groups with journeys that can take several hours.
The eastern border lies near the international date line, which curves around the territory and makes this nation among the first to see each new day. This position gives New Year celebrations a special meaning and draws visitors who want to experience the turn of the year early.
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