Hospital Vilardebó, Psychiatric hospital in Reducto, Montevideo, Uruguay.

Hospital Vilardebó is a psychiatric facility in Montevideo that occupies a large grounds and features distinctive architecture with extended facades. The complex contains multiple building wings housing rooms, dining areas, and medical services for patients.

Construction of the Manicomio Nacional began in 1876 under a state policy to centralise and modernise care for mental illness, following 19th-century European asylum models. The engineer Eduardo Canstatt, trained at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, designed the building. It opened on 21 May 1880 and was later renamed after the physician and naturalist Teodoro Vilardebó. By 1915 it held around 1,500 inpatients, and annex pavilions were added in the late 19th century.

The hospital is named after Teodoro Vilardebó Matuliche, a Uruguayan physician, naturalist and historian. Its chapel, on the central axis facing the entrance vestibule, is described by historians as vaguely Romanesque with classical elements and has an administration independent from the hospital. The Radio Vilardevoz project, run by patients and staff, promotes expression and social integration.

The hospital stands on Avenida Millán in the Reducto neighbourhood, with the main entrance set behind a stepped grey-and-white patterned platform. The chapel sits on the central axis of the main building, directly facing the entrance vestibule, and is run separately from the hospital. The complex is a working psychiatric centre with emergency, outpatient and inpatient services, so access follows the institution's own rules.

The chapel sits on the central axis of the main building, directly facing the entrance vestibule, and is described by historians as vaguely Romanesque with classical elements. Although physically integrated into the hospital since its origin, it keeps an independent administration, an unusual arrangement inside a public health establishment.