Mapinguari National Park, National park in Amazonas and Rondônia, Brazil

Mapinguari National Park covers 1,776,914 hectares of Amazon rainforest and savannah in the municipalities of Canutama, Lábrea and Porto Velho. Its relief is a pediplain with river terraces, floodplains and meander traces, from 51 to 256 metres above sea level. Rivers such as the Açuã, Mucuim, Inacorrã and Coari drain toward the Madeira and Purus.

The Brazilian government created the park in 2008 to protect the Amazon rainforest. The protected area was expanded in 2010, adding more land while making adjustments for dam construction in the region.

The park takes its name from a figure in Brazilian mythology, a creature that lives on in stories told by people across the Amazon region. This legend reflects the way locals connect with the forest around them.

The park lies in the municipalities of Canutama (40%), Lábrea (50%) and Porto Velho (11%), and is reached by river: its streams feed the left bank of the Madeira and the right bank of the Purus. There are no visitor facilities, so trips depend on boats and guides arranged locally. The dry season is the easier window, since part of the savannah floods periodically and burns in the dry season.

The Campina jay (Cyanocorax hafferi) was described from the transition between rainforest and natural campina fields inside the park, and Stephen Nash's titi (Callicebus stephennashi) has also been recorded there. Both were named in the 2000s, showing that the Purus-Madeira interfluve still yields species new to science.