Sumapaz Paramo, Alpine ecosystem in Cordillera Oriental, Colombia
Sumapaz Paramo is a high-altitude region in the Cordillera Oriental of eastern Colombia that spreads across a wide area with lakes of volcanic origin and dense cushion plants. The terrain rises gently and opens into shallow basins where wetlands and watercourses gather.
Botanist Jose Celestino Mutis attempted an expedition through the area in 1783 but had to turn back because of the harsh conditions. In later decades parts of the region served as a retreat for armed groups during the Colombian conflicts.
The name Sumapaz comes from the Muisca language and means Father of the Waters, referring to the many streams and springs flowing through the area. Small groups still walk to traditional sites to pause briefly and show their connection to the land.
Warm and waterproof clothing is necessary because rain and fog move in quickly and humidity stays high throughout the day. Access is by unpaved paths that become slippery when wet and require sturdy footwear.
The soil contains high levels of sodium and potassium which allows only specialized plant species to grow that manage with low organic content. Some of these plants can store water up to ten times their own weight to survive long dry spells.
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