Robert S. Vance Federal Building and United States Courthouse

The Robert S. Vance Federal Building is a four-story courthouse in Birmingham with a striking white marble exterior and a central colonnade flanked by projecting entrance pavilions. The structure at North 5th Avenue houses federal judicial operations and administrative functions in a unified, formally designed space.

The building was constructed in 1921 and initially housed both the federal post office and courthouse operations for northern Alabama. It later became a courthouse facility serving the federal judicial district as the postal function relocated.

The building displays classical Beaux-Arts design with its prominent white marble and columned entrances that emphasize the authority and importance of the judicial system. This architectural language communicates respect and stability to those who enter.

The building is open on weekdays and all visitors must pass through security screening before entering the facility. Plan to arrive with time for the security process and wear comfortable shoes since the interior includes multiple staircases and office levels.

The building was renamed in 1990 to honor federal judge Robert Smith Vance, who was killed in a mail bomb attack. This naming reflects a tragic yet important moment that directly affected the federal judicial community in Alabama.

Location: Birmingham

Architects: James A. Wetmore

Architectural style: Beaux-Arts

Address: 1800 5th Avenue North

GPS coordinates: 33.51722,-86.81056

Latest update: December 14, 2025 14:21