Ex-Hacienda de Peñuelas, Hacienda in Peñuelas, Aguascalientes, Mexico

Ex-Hacienda de Peñuelas is a historic estate in Aguascalientes built with adobe walls, wooden beams, and brick construction with quarry stone decorations framing its windows and arches. A garden entrance guides visitors through the main reception areas of the complex.

Founded in 1575 by Nicolás Ramírez to supply food to nearby mine workers, the estate was not a merger of three properties at its origin. The lands of San Nicolás de Peñuelas, San Isidro Labrador and San Antonio were only unified in 1780 by Manuel Díaz de León. In the late 18th century the Count of Rul introduced fighting bulls, and after Miguel Belunzarán died in 1867 the estate was divided again.

The first courtyard shows traditional half-round arches with square columns and benches decorated with majolica tiles. These elements reflect Mexican building craftsmanship that visitors can observe when walking through the space.

The estate lies in Peñuelas, south of Aguascalientes city near the city limits. The main house, the Templo de la Purísima Concepción and the former caballerizas stand close together, so the complex can be covered on foot. The buildings use adobe, wooden beams and brick, with stone detailing on windows and arches.

The estate was the first settlement of what became Aguascalientes, started in 1575 to supply food to nearby mine workers. Its land once comprised three separate properties: San Nicolás de Peñuelas, San Isidro Labrador and San Antonio, unified in 1780 by Manuel Díaz de León in his will.