Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge

Deer Flat is a large wildlife refuge divided into two main units: a reservoir unit with expansive open water and an island unit spread along miles of river channel. Together these sections create a diverse habitat that supports both resident animals and migratory species passing through the region.

The refuge was established in 1909 under President Theodore Roosevelt as a way to protect migratory birds following construction of a major irrigation dam. This action reflected early efforts to safeguard bird habitats during a time of rapid landscape change in the American West.

The refuge draws bird watchers who come to observe waterbirds and migratory species that depend on these habitats for breeding and resting. Local communities value the site as a place where you can witness natural breeding behaviors and seasonal movements of birds throughout the year.

The refuge provides access to outdoor activities like walking trails, fishing, and boating across its different sections, each designed for specific uses. Visiting during daylight hours is recommended, and you should check which areas are open since some sections may have seasonal restrictions.

The refuge operates about 240 acres of farmland where local growers cultivate crops specifically as food for the animals living there. This hands-on feeding approach alongside natural habitats represents an uncommon management strategy that goes beyond simple protection.

Location: Idaho

Location: Oregon

Inception: 1909

Website: https://fws.gov/refuge/deer_flat

GPS coordinates: 43.55000,-116.66700

Latest update: December 10, 2025 20:07