Roonstrasse Synagogue, Jewish synagogue in Neustadt-Süd, Cologne, Germany.

Roonstrasse Synagogue is a Neo-Romanesque building clad in tuff, completed in 1899 to designs by Schreiterer & Below. Its broad gabled facade centres on a rose window in a recessed pointed arch, with three narrow windows in the gable above and three arched doorways below; a band of inscription reads "UND SIE SOLLEN MIR BAuen EIN HEILIGTUM". Behind rises a steep pyramidal roof with a star finial, flanked by slender round turrets, and the former prayer hall shows as a cube with round-arched windows.

Designed by the Cologne architects Schreiterer & Below in Romanesque Revival style, the synagogue was built from 1895, when its foundation stone was laid on October 23, and inaugurated on March 22, 1899 by Rabbi Abraham Frank. On November 9, 1938, it was attacked and set alight during Kristallnacht, and World War II air raids destroyed the front section, leaving the burnt-out tower and central section. Returned to the Jewish community in 1945, it was rebuilt under architect Helmut Goldschmidt with minor exterior changes and a simplified interior, reopening on September 20, 1959.

The community calls itself the oldest Jewish community north of the Alps, tracing continuity to a first mention in 321. Until the Shoah the liberal rite was followed here, with organ, choir and separate seating; today the Orthodox rite is practised. The facade inscription reads "UND SIE SOLLEN MIR BAuen EIN HEILIGTUM".

The synagogue stands at 50 Roonstraße, facing Rathenauplatz in Neustadt-Süd. The main entrance is the three-arched portal beneath the gable; the inscribed band above it reads "UND SIE SOLLEN MIR BAUEN EIN HEILIGTUM". The prayer hall holds 800 seats for men and 600 for women. The building also contains a kosher restaurant, a library, a museum and a youth centre.

In 2005, Pope Benedict XVI visited this building and became the first Catholic church leader to visit a Jewish prayer site in Germany. This historic moment symbolized respect and reconciliation between the two faiths.