Koules Fortress, Sea fort at Heraklion Harbor, Greece
Koules Fortress is a sea fort in Heraklion Harbor built from heavy stone blocks with thick walls and interior spaces divided across multiple levels. The structure sits directly in the water and contains numerous rooms, corridors, and exhibition areas within its stone walls.
The fortress was built between 1523 and 1540 by Venetian engineers as a defensive structure against naval attacks and pirate raids. It served as a key part of the harbor's protection system during the period of Venetian control over Crete.
The fortress displays the emblem of Saint Mark's lion above its entrance, representing the power and influence of the Venetian Republic in Crete.
Visitors can enter the structure during daylight hours and explore the various rooms and passages while walking along the walls. Access is via a walkway from the mainland, and moving through the chambers and up to different levels is straightforward.
The fortress rests on an underwater foundation built directly in the sea using engineering methods of that era. This marine construction demonstrates the advanced building knowledge of the Venetian architects.
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