Ténarèze, Roman road system in Gascony, France.

Ténarèze is a traditional route running north–south through Gascony, from the Gironde to the Hautes-Pyrénées, following the watershed between the Garonne and Adour basins. It avoided bridges and fords, and was used and reinforced by the Romans. It also names a historic region of about 182 km² in northern Gers, centred on Condom, crossed by the Baïse.

Before the Roman conquest the region was inhabited by a Celtic-speaking tribe of the Aquitani. Crassus, sent by Julius Caesar, completed its conquest around the middle of the 1st century BC, and the road was used and reinforced by the Romans. The Ténarèze passed to the Visigoths in the first decades of the 5th century, to the Franks around 510, then to the Basques, and back to the Franks in the 8th century. In 1317 the Benedictine abbey of Condom became a bishopric, and the region was definitively united with France in 1589 under Henry IV.

The Ténarèze gives its name to the Ténarèze viticultural area, one of the three zones of the Armagnac appellation alongside Bas-Armagnac and Haut-Armagnac. Its main centre is Condom, where the Musée de l'Armagnac, opened in the mid-19th century and moved in the 1980s into the former bishop's palace, keeps stills and barrels used to make and store the spirit. Gascon, the local Occitan dialect, was the everyday and administrative language until the French Revolution.

The route crosses the Gers, Landes, Gironde and Hautes-Pyrénées departments, following the watershed between the Garonne and Adour basins. It passes through Condom, the historic capital of the Ténarèze, and nine communes form the Communauté de communes de la Ténarèze. The Baïse river runs through the territory, and the route continues toward the Aure valley and the Spanish border.

The name Ténarèze may derive from the Latin Iter Cesarum, "road of the Caesars", according to the scholar Paul Labrouche (1858–1921). The route also gave its name to the Ténarèze wine-growing district, one of the three areas of Armagnac production, whose main town is Condom.