Abuli fortress, Bronze Age fortress in Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia
Abuli fortress sits on Mount Patara Abuli at about 2700 meters elevation and consists of massive basalt stones fitted together without mortar. The ring-shaped structure includes a central area and contained many rooms for different purposes such as storage and shelter.
The fortress was built roughly 3500 years ago during the era of early South Caucasian kingdoms. It served as an important site for defense and control of the mountain landscape in this remote region.
The stonework reveals how people in this region lived and organized their daily lives thousands of years ago. Dry masonry without mortar was a common craft technique of the time, clearly visible throughout the ruins.
The path to the fortress climbs steeply over rocky terrain, so sturdy footwear is essential and visitors should allow time for the ascent. Weather at this elevation can change quickly, making warm clothing and proper preparation important.
The site was not just a military stronghold but also an economic center with stables and storage areas for goods. These facilities show that the fortress operated as a larger hub with trade and administration, not merely a defensive post.
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