Fortifications of Birgu

The Fortifications of Birgu form an extensive defensive network of limestone bastions and multiple gates spread across the neighborhood. The system links ten major strongpoints with access points including the Couvre Porte Gate and the Advanced Gate, creating a layered protective structure.

The fortifications began when the Knights of Saint John converted the original Castrum Maris into Fort Saint Angelo in 1530, making it their headquarters. The subsequent expansion of the defenses reflected the growing importance of the harbor settlement.

The fortifications gave Birgu its name Vittoriosa after the residents helped defend against Ottoman forces in 1565. The walls remain a symbol of collective pride and shape how locals and visitors experience the neighborhood today.

The fortifications are best explored on foot with multiple entry points spread across the neighborhood allowing flexible routes. Wear comfortable shoes as the historic pathways are uneven and some sections involve steep climbs.

Beneath the bastions lies a network of rock-carved shelters that served as protection during World War II bombing raids. These underground spaces show how residents adapted the ancient defenses to face modern threats.