Museum of Don Cossacks, Cossack heritage museum in Novocherkassk, Russia.

The Museum of Don Cossacks occupies a building on Atamanskaya Street designed by academician A. A. Yashchenko and constructed between 1894 and 1896. Its six original departments covered prehistory, history, natural history, archives, military regalia, and a library. The museum also manages the Ataman Palace and the memorial houses of painters Mitrofan Grekov and Ivan Krylov.

The museum was founded in 1886 when a group of collectors decided to preserve the history of this region systematically. It survived political upheaval and war, though parts of its collection were moved to Europe during turbulent years.

The exhibition rooms display traditional Cossack clothing and military banners that reflect how this warrior community expressed its identity and values. Visitors can see how these objects were woven into daily life and ceremony, revealing what mattered most to the people who wore and carried them.

The main building stands at 38 Atamanskaya Street, with branches at the Ataman Palace and the memorial house-museums of painters Mitrofan Grekov and Ivan Krylov. The sites are separate, so plan the order of visits in advance. The Krylov house retains its original interior layout, but its workshop has not survived.

In 2011, staff found Nikolai Ge's painting "The Crucifixion" in the museum's storerooms; it is now shown in the Ataman Palace branch. The main building also holds a Don Cossack portrait gallery from the late 18th to early 19th century.