Golden Gate, Medieval city gate in downtown Kyiv, Ukraine
Golden Gate is a gate complex on Volodymyrska Street in central Kyiv, combining a red-brick wall with a large arched passage, stepped battlements, a drum and a gold cupola with a cross, and a wooden log structure over a sloped ramp. The brick facade above the arch has rows of small round windows and a red cross on the rounded top.
The Primary Chronicle records that Yaroslav the Wise founded the Golden Gate together with St Sophia's Cathedral in 1037, though scholars date the gate to 1017–1024. A Polish chronicle of the early 12th century tells that Bolesław the Brave chipped his sword Szczerbiec on the gate in 1018. Batu Khan's Mongols bypassed it in 1240, and the ruin was later buried and excavated from 1832.
The name refers to the famous golden entrance of Constantinople, which medieval Kyiv looked to as a model. Visitors can walk through the passage and experience the dark vaulted hall with massive stone blocks along the sides.
The gate stands on Volodymyrska Street, where the ground of the passage drops noticeably, a trace of the moat that once ran in front of it. The excavated walls, about 8 metres high, are reached from street level; the 1830s cast-iron railing surrounds the remains. The pavilion reconstruction houses a museum, and the upper level looks over the street.
The 1982 reconstruction used original medieval foundation stones with modern materials to create a representation of the ancient defensive structure. Archaeologists discovered parts of the original foundation during excavations several meters below today's street level.
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