Cathedral Mosque Kalyan Mosque, Main mosque in Bukhara, Uzbekistan
The Kalyan Mosque is a rectangular complex with 288 domes supported by 208 pillars that create extensive galleries around a central courtyard. Four large ayvans, which are vaulted entry halls, frame the courtyard and shape the flow of the space.
Construction began in the early 15th century under Ulugbek and replaced an earlier building destroyed by fire during the Mongolian invasion. The new structure marked the restoration of a major religious center for the city.
The walls display Quranic inscriptions and detailed mosaic patterns that show Islamic artistic traditions rooted in Central Asia. These decorative elements reflect how prayer spaces were designed to inspire contemplation.
The complex accommodates up to 10,000 worshippers and maintains separate prayer areas according to Islamic customs. Visitors should know that certain times are reserved for worshippers and respect should be shown during prayer hours.
The complex features an octahedron of arched pendentives supporting a vaulted inner dome beneath a spherical blue outer dome. This construction demonstrates advanced architectural knowledge and reflects the technical skill of its builders.
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