Bete Gebriel-Rufael, Rock-hewn monolithic church in Lalibela, Ethiopia.
Bete Gebriel-Rufael is a church carved from a single block of stone, with detailed carvings adorning both its outer surfaces and interior spaces. The chambers and passages reveal the skill of medieval Ethiopian craftspeople who shaped the entire structure from the living rock.
The church was created around the 12th century during the Kingdom of Axum period as part of a larger religious complex. The complex was built to recreate the sacred city of Jerusalem in this location.
Ethiopian Orthodox worshippers come to this sacred site regularly to pray and observe their faith traditions. The space maintains its role as a spiritual center for the local community.
Visitors need to remove their shoes before entering the space. Local guides are available to explain the features of the structure and share information about its significance.
The building connects the church with an adjacent sacred bakery in a single carved structure. Some researchers believe the site may have originally been designed as a royal residence before becoming primarily a religious sanctuary.
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