Enfer

Enfer is a special collection at the French National Library containing books and manuscripts considered controversial or problematic throughout history. The holdings include works that questioned religious orthodoxy or treated material that was kept from the general public.

The collection started in the 19th century from a system that separated religious works at the Royal Library, developed by Nicolas Clément. Over time this initial classification grew into a larger gathering of works the authorities considered unsuitable for various reasons.

The collection shows how ideas about what is proper and acceptable have changed over time. Works by authors like Marquis de Sade sit alongside texts that crossed religious and political boundaries.

Access requires special permission and visitors must follow formal procedures. It helps to notify the library in advance about your research purpose to make the process smoother.

The name Enfer, meaning Hell, was a deliberate choice to reflect the nature of materials housed here. The collection holds not just erotic literature but also revolutionary and subversive prints from different periods.