Church of Saint John the Baptist of Carapina, Religious heritage site in Serra, Brazil

The Church of Saint John the Baptist of Carapina is a colonial church founded in 1584 by Jesuit Father Brás Lourenço, rebuilt in 1746 and 1870, and reconstructed in 1996 after a 1992 demolition. It stands within the Carapina Historic Site, alongside an old manor house believed to have been the Jesuit residence and the district cemetery.

Founded in 1584 at the request of the Jesuit priest Brás Lourenço, the church served the Temiminó people led by Arariboia; a Jesuit village already existed there in 1565. It was rebuilt or restored in 1746 and again in 1870, listed as state heritage in 1984, nearly demolished and looted in 1992, then rebuilt and restored in 1996.

The church is dedicated to Saint John the Baptist, whose feast day is celebrated in June, when the building reopens for Mass after restoration. A local tradition holds that José de Anchieta, later canonised, judged a horse-race dispute here by calling on a five-year-old boy mute from birth, who spoke the words "o pato é meu" (the duck is mine). The church belongs to the Parish of Santo André Apóstolo of the Archdiocese of Vitória.

The church does not receive visits and opens only on Sundays for Mass. It was closed for a period, restored, and reopened to the public in June 2021. It stands in the Carapina district of Serra, within the Carapina Historic Site, next to an old colonial-era house and the district cemetery.

The church was practically demolished and its fittings stolen in 1992, then rebuilt and restored in 1996; it reopened in June 2021 after further restoration. It is listed as state heritage since 1984 and only opens on Sundays for Mass.