Pretoria Great Synagogue, Historic synagogue in central Pretoria, South Africa

The Old Synagogue on Paul Kruger Street is a former Orthodox synagogue designed by Beardwood and Ibler Architects, with a basilican plan, a Gothic-style stained glass rose window, alternating red and white brick bands, arched windows in Moorish Revival style, and flanking onion-shaped domes in Byzantine Revival style. Its polychromatic façade was later painted cream for use as a court.

Paul Kruger gave the land to Pretoria's Jewish community; the foundation stone was laid in 1897 and the synagogue was consecrated in 1898. It served as the first permanent synagogue in Pretoria until 1952, when the congregation moved to the Great Synagogue on Pretorius Street. The state then expropriated the building for use as a Supreme Court annex.

The building's cultural traces survive in fragments: the Ten Commandments relief was boarded up when the sanctuary became a courtroom, some stained-glass windows were removed and others bricked over, and the Star of David was the subject of a 1958 removal request by Chief Rabbi Louis Isaac Rabinowitz. The candelabra, cornerstone and main-façade stained glass went to the Great Synagogue on Pretorius Street in 1952.

The building stands on Paul Kruger Street and has been vacant since 1994, so it is not open as a place of worship or as a court. It is controlled by the Department of Public Works and Infrastructure and is a Grade II Provincial Heritage Resource, so visits depend on that department rather than on a congregation.

The land was given by State President Paul Kruger, who attended the 1898 consecration and declared the synagogue open "in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, Amen" — a remark the congregation did not hold against him. In 1906 Sammy Marks settled the congregation's mortgage, saving the building.