Solomon Islands

The archipelago comprises six principal islands and numerous smaller islets spread across 28,400 square kilometers in the southwestern Pacific. Volcanic peaks rise above dense rainforest, while coral reefs fringe coastal waters. Topography ranges from lowland plains to mountains reaching over 2,300 meters, with rivers cutting through rugged valleys.

Austronesian seafarers settled the islands at least 3,000 years ago, establishing trade networks extending to Papua New Guinea. German and British protectorates divided the territory in the late 19th century, with Britain assuming control of southern areas. Guadalcanal saw intense fighting during the Pacific War from 1942 to 1943. Parliamentary independence arrived in 1978 while retaining constitutional monarchy. Ethnic tensions sparked violent conflict from 1998 to 2003, prompting a regional assistance mission to restore stability.

Traditional kastom principles and land tenure systems remain central to society, with over 90 percent of territory under customary indigenous ownership. Melanesian practices shape ceremonies, kinship structures and the exchange of shell money, which circulates alongside national currency in some areas. Artisan crafts include carved canoes, woven mats and ceremonial masks used during initiation rites.

International flights arrive at Honiara International Airport on Guadalcanal, with domestic connections serving smaller airstrips and ferry services. Tropical climate brings year-round rainfall, with November through April delivering heavier monsoon rains. Accommodation ranges from basic guesthouses to hotels in the capital. Travelers should carry cash, as ATMs remain sparse outside Honiara. Permission from local village elders is necessary when visiting remote settlements.

The Marovo Lagoon area forms one of the largest enclosed saltwater lagoons on the planet, spanning more than 700 square kilometers with double barrier reef structures. Wreck divers explore remains of more than 60 warships and aircraft from the Pacific War resting in waters off Guadalcanal and neighboring islands. Local artisans have carved ornamental pieces from hawksbill turtle shell for generations, though international trade is now restricted.

Inception: 1978

Capital city: Honiara

Part of: Melanesia

Shares border with: Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu, Australia, France

Address: Solomon Islands

Website: https://solomons.gov.sb

GPS coordinates: -9.73543,162.82885

Latest update: November 30, 2025 18:57