El Pinacate y Gran Desierto de Altar Biosphere Reserve, Biosphere reserve in Sonora, Mexico
El Pinacate y Gran Desierto de Altar is a large protected area in Sonora combining volcanic peaks, dark lava fields, and vast sand dunes where the Sonoran Desert meets the Gulf of California. The terrain features numerous craters and an extensive active dune field that create a stark and varied landscape.
Beginning in 1965, NASA astronauts trained here because the volcanic terrain resembled the lunar surface. This use continued into the early 1970s and brought international attention to the area's geological features.
The Tohono O'odham people hold this land sacred, viewing Pinacate Peak as central to their creation story. This spiritual connection shapes how they understand and relate to the region.
Visitors enter through the Biological Station at kilometer 51 on Highway 8 between Sonoyta and Puerto Peñasco, where registration is required before exploring. The cooler months offer the most comfortable visiting conditions, and bring plenty of water and sun protection.
The area contains North America's largest active dune field with star-shaped formations that constantly shift in the wind. It also holds the world's highest concentration of maar-type craters, formed by underground explosions.
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