Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument, Franciscan missions archaeological site in central New Mexico, United States.
Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument protects the ruins of three Spanish mission churches and partly excavated Pueblo settlements at Abó, Quarai and Gran Quivira, east of the Rio Grande on the eastern flank of the Manzano Mountains in central New Mexico. The churches were built between 1622 and 1635; at Gran Quivira the mission church was never completed. Walls of red-brown stone laid in rough courses stand without roofs on ground of dry grass, with jagged, uneven tops and openings piercing the lower masonry.
Spanish missionaries founded these mission centers starting in the 1620s to convert local Pueblo communities to Christianity. The three sites were gradually abandoned in the 1670s as conditions became difficult for continued settlement.
The name Quarai likely derives from the Pueblo's own name for itself, Cuarac, while Gran Quivira borrows the Spanish term for a mythical land of gold. The Tompiro settlement there was called Las Humanas, referring to the striped face paint of its people, and Cueloze in their own language. Gran Quivira was a salt-trade hub linked to nomadic Jumano traders.
A visitor center in Mountainair serves as the main stopping point and offers information about all three sites. Plan for outdoor walking among ancient structures, and bring water and sun protection since the desert landscape offers little shade.
The monument holds International Dark Sky Park status, meaning the night sky here remains largely free from light pollution. Visitors can observe the stars as clearly as the missionaries and pueblo inhabitants did centuries ago.
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