New Spain, Spanish colonial administration center in Mexico City, Mexico
The Viceroyalty of New Spain extended from present-day Mexico through Central America to the Philippines, making it the largest Spanish territorial division in the Americas.
Founded in 1521 after the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, New Spain received its first viceroy Antonio de Mendoza in 1535 to govern the territory.
The territory developed a complex society where Spanish, Indigenous, and African populations merged, creating new forms of art, architecture, and social structures.
Silver mines in Zacatecas and Guanajuato generated substantial wealth for the Spanish Crown, establishing New Spain as a primary source of precious metals.
The administration stretched across three continents, connecting territories from California to the Philippines under a single governing system. This extraordinary geographic reach made the viceroyalty one of the most complex administrative units of the early modern period.
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