El Malpais National Monument, Volcanic terrain conservation area in western New Mexico, United States
El Malpais National Monument is a nature preserve defined by extensive lava flows, underground caves, and ancient sandstone bluffs spanning over 114,000 acres. The terrain contains multiple ice-filled caverns and volcanic features distributed across the protected wilderness area.
The monument was established in 1987 to protect geological formations thousands of years old, including five major lava flows from past volcanic activity. These formations document the region's volcanic history and ongoing geological processes.
The Acoma, Laguna, and Zuni Pueblos maintain ongoing connections to this place through their traditional practices and gathering activities. Their spiritual relationship with the land remains visible in how they interact with and use this territory today.
Exploring caves like Junction Bridge and Giant Ice Cave requires free permits, and visitors should bring ample water since facilities are scattered throughout the area. Planning for the dry landscape and limited resources helps ensure a safe and comfortable visit.
The monument harbors rare hart's-tongue ferns inside caves, representing the only known population west of the Mississippi River in North America. These ferns thrive in the moist environment of these underground spaces.
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