Tribunal de commerce, Commercial Court in Paris, France
The Tribunal de commerce is a commercial court in Paris that specializes in disputes between merchants and credit institutions. It also handles matters involving commercial companies using specialized procedures.
The first merchant court jurisdiction was established in Lyon in 1419, spreading later to other French cities including Toulouse and Rouen. The Paris court followed this established model for handling commercial disputes.
The judges come from merchant and business backgrounds, bringing their practical experience directly to court decisions. This composition of business professionals gives the court its own character.
Parties can bring cases without legal representation, making the system more accessible to smaller and medium-sized businesses. This option simplifies access to justice for business people who cannot afford formal lawyers.
At least three merchant judges must participate in every case and receive specialized training. This panel composition with trained specialists sets it apart from regular courts.
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