Jantar Mantar

Jantar Mantar is an observatory in the heart of Jaipur featuring massive geometric structures made of local stone and marble that rise like giant sculptures into the sky. The complex holds nineteen astronomical instruments including large sundials, angle devices, and circular constructions that track celestial movements.

Maharaja Jai Singh II commissioned the observatory between 1728 and 1738 to carry out precise astronomical measurements. He gathered 23 astronomers from different traditions to design instruments that could determine celestial positions and timekeeping more accurately than methods available at that time.

The astronomical instruments demonstrate the exchange of scientific knowledge between Islamic, European, and Indian astronomical traditions during the 18th century.

The site sits centrally in Jaipur and is best visited during morning hours when shadows on the instruments are clearly visible and temperatures remain more comfortable. Sturdy footwear is advisable as visitors walk over uneven stone pathways between the instruments.

The Vrihat Samrat Yantra sundial can measure time with accuracy down to two seconds and ranks among the most precise instruments of its kind from the 18th century. Its shadow moves roughly one hand width per minute across the marked scales.