Siena, Medieval university town in Tuscany, Italy
Siena is a midsized city spreading across three hills in central Tuscany. The historic center features narrow lanes converging toward a shell-shaped main square, framed by tall medieval brick buildings.
The city remained independent from the early 12th century until the mid-16th century, growing into a major center for commerce and banking. Rivalry with Florence led to several wars before Siena lost its autonomy in 1555.
Residents identify with one of 17 neighborhoods, each maintaining its own colors, symbols, and meeting points throughout the city. This membership shapes friendships, celebrations, and everyday encounters across the entire urban area.
The steep lanes and uneven paving make sturdy shoes necessary, especially for longer walks through the center. Many streets are accessible only on foot, so it helps to leave luggage at your accommodation and explore the city unencumbered.
Twice each summer, a horse race takes place on the main square where riders compete bareback representing their neighborhood. The preparations, involving parades, songs, and contests, shape city life for several weeks beforehand.
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