Pantheon
Pantheon, Roman temple in Pigna district, Rome, Italy
The building presents a cylindrical brick rotunda measuring 43.3 meters in diameter, crowned by a hemispherical concrete vault. The vault contains a central opening of 9 meters in diameter serving as the sole light source. The front portico features sixteen Corinthian granite columns supporting a triangular pediment.
Marcus Agrippa erected an initial temple in 27 BCE, destroyed by fire under Domitian. The present construction arose between 113 and 125 CE under Emperor Hadrian, retaining the original Agrippan inscription on the facade. Pope Boniface IV consecrated the structure as a church in 609, preventing medieval plundering.
Serving as a Catholic church for over 1,400 years, the building houses tombs of Italian monarchs including Victor Emmanuel II and Umberto I, along with the painter Raphael. Its dedication to Santa Maria ad Martyres in 609 made it the first Roman cult site converted from pagan to Christian use.
Entry remains free Monday through Saturday from 8:30 AM to 7:15 PM and Sunday from 9:00 AM to 5:45 PM. Visitors can walk from Piazza Navona in 5 minutes or from Trevi Fountain in 8 minutes. The nearest metro station is Barberini on Line A, a 15-minute walk away.
The vault was constructed using Roman concrete cast with pozzolanic volcanic ash and graduated material layers, employing lighter pumice stone at the apex to reduce weight. This ancient technique allowed the unreinforced structure to endure nearly two millennia without steel reinforcement or modern support systems.
Location: Rome
Inception: 2 century
Architects: Apollodorus of Damascus
Architectural style: ancient Roman architecture
Height: 43.3 m
Length: 35 m
Width: 54.5 m
Accessibility: Wheelchair accessible
Fee: Yes
Made from material: concrete
Address: Piazza della Rotonda 00186 Roma
Opening Hours: Monday-Saturday 08:30-19:15; Sunday 09:00-17:45
Phone: +390668300230
Email: pm-laz@beniculturali.it
Website: http://pmlaz.beniculturali.it
GPS coordinates: 41.89861,12.47694
Latest update: November 28, 2025 16:18
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