Janiculum, Hill in historic centre of Rome, Italy
The Janiculum is a hill in the historic centre of Rome, rising 82 meters above sea level west of the Tiber. From its summit, a wide view stretches over the rooftops, domes and towers of the city.
The hill served as a key defensive position during the 1849 siege, when Giuseppe Garibaldi led troops against French attackers of the Roman Republic. These events shaped the landscape with monuments and memorials recalling the fighting.
The daily cannon firing at noon from the hill continues a tradition from 1847, marking midday for people across the city. Locals recognize this ceremony as a fixed part of Roman daily life and it regularly draws visitors to witness the moment.
Visitors can use multiple pathways to reach the summit, with the main entrance through Porta Settimiana and along Via Garibaldi to viewing points. The routes are mostly paved but some sections involve steep climbs and uneven ground.
The Tempietto di Bramante in the courtyard of San Pietro in Montorio marks the spot where tradition holds Saint Peter was crucified in ancient times. This small Renaissance chapel is considered a complete example of symmetry and proportion in architecture.
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