Frasassi Caves, Show cave system in Genga, Italy
The Frasassi Caves form a 5000-meter network of chambers and passages running through limestone formations in Genga, displaying different mineral deposits and geological structures. Stalactites hang from the ceilings while stalagmites rise from the floors, and some areas contain underground streams that continue to shape the rock.
A team of speleologists from Ancona led by Giancarlo Cappanera discovered this underground system on September 25, 1971, after it had remained hidden for millions of years. Three years later, access was organized for the public, and tourists have visited the chambers through guided routes ever since.
The name Frasassi comes from frassum, a medieval Latin word describing shattered or broken rock that refers to the outer gorge. Visitors see the rocky valley and steep walls outside before descending through artificial tunnels that provide access to the underground network.
The system maintains a temperature of 14 degrees Celsius (57 degrees Fahrenheit) year-round, so visitors should bring warm clothing even when it is summer outside. The routes pass through artificially lit tunnels and chambers, and sturdy footwear helps when walking on the damp surfaces.
Scientists have conducted chronobiology experiments here, where individuals stayed underground for extended periods to study human biological rhythms without natural daylight. This research used the constant environment of the caves and the absence of external time cues.
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