Cathedral, Catholic cathedral and minor basilica in Chiavari, Italy.
The cathedral of Nostra Signora dell'Orto faces Piazza Nostra Signora dell'Orto in Chiavari. Its gabled facade is preceded by a hexastyle pronaos of white marble with smooth Corinthian columns, designed by Luigi Poletti in 1836 after the Pantheon in Rome and built between 1841 and 1907; five marble relief panels of the Virgin's life were added in 1938. The interior is a Latin cross with three naves on square pillars, a dome over the crossing and an apse campanile with eight bells.
A votive pillar with the Madonna, Saint Sebastian and Saint Roch already stood here, raised by the townspeople against the plague of 1493 and 1528. After the reported apparition of 2 July 1610 the first stone of the church was laid on 1 July 1613, and the Barefoot Carmelites completed it in 1633. They left in 1797 under Napoleon's suppression of religious orders. Leo XIII made it a cathedral in 1892, Pius X a minor basilica on 27 November 1904, and it was reconsecrated on 3 July 1907.
The name Madonna dell'Orto comes from the orchards that once stood where the church was built. The main feast is held on 2 and 3 July, recalling the 1610 apparition; Saint Anthony Abbot is celebrated on 17 January, with co-patrons Saint Sebastian on 20 January and Saint Roch on 16 August. The cathedral hymn O clemente pietosa Regina was composed by the priest Giovanni Battista Campodonico.
The cathedral faces Piazza Nostra Signora dell'Orto, whose forecourt was paved and made pedestrian-only in 2016. The entrance is through the neoclassical pronaos of white marble, six Corinthian columns across the front, added between 1841 and 1907. The bell tower stands at the apse end, behind the church rather than over the facade.
Although the building functions as a cathedral, the Diocese of Chiavari was only created in 1892, nearly three centuries after the church was first built. This means the church served as a pilgrimage site long before it ever became a bishop's seat.
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