Suburban Baths, Roman thermal complex near Marina Gate, Pompei, Italy
The Suburban Baths are a two-story Roman bathhouse outside Porta Marina in Pompeii, Italy. The lower level holds the bathing rooms; the upper floor, reached by a staircase or a door on Via Marina, had three rented apartments with large glass windows facing the sea. The complex includes a palaestra, a natatio, and a nymphaeum with a water cascade.
The bathhouse was built between 14 and 37 CE under Emperor Tiberius. After the earthquake of 62 CE, the complex received a heated pool and further modifications.
The dressing room's south wall carries sixteen erotic frescoes on a yellow ground, of which eight are visible; among them is the only known Roman painting of two women having sex. Below each scene is a painted box with a number, thought to mark where clothes went on a wooden shelf. Spintria tokens numbered I–XVI may have served as locker tokens.
The bathing chambers follow the traditional Roman sequence from cold to warm and finally to hot pools. Visitors can explore the three floors and view the different rooms with their separate functions.
The nymphaeum, a room in the later bathing suite, reproduced a grotto with a water cascade and is decorated with a mosaic of Mars and cupids; its stuccoes show sea animals plus the eagle and thunderbolt linked to the cult of Jupiter. The cascade belonged to this nymphaeum, not to the cold pool.
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