Chiesa dei Santi Vincenzo e Anastasio, Romanesque church in Ascoli Piceno, Italy

The Chiesa dei Santi Vincenzo e Anastasio is a Romanesque church in Ascoli Piceno with three naves separated by columns and pillars. The raised presbytery is semicircular in shape, and stone decorations adorn the interior surfaces.

The church's documented history begins in 1036, when Bishop Bernardo I had it enlarged and its facade built, as a Gothic inscription on the portal tympanum records. A low semi-underground oratory of the 4th–6th centuries, later the crypt, preceded it. Works concluded in 1389 after some six centuries; the church was closed from 1856 and restored from 1897 under engineer Enrico Cesari.

The church is dedicated to Saint Vincent of Zaragoza and Saint Anastasius the Persian, and by the 14th century it was recorded in the Ascoli cadastre as "Ecclesia S. Anastaxi". The 16th–17th-century historian Sebastiano Andreantonelli instead named it after Saints Anastasius and Sylvester, perhaps referring to the saint of the underground crypt. It was an old collegiate church led by a prior and two clerics, with a confraternity of the Disciplina of Our Lord Jesus Christ.

The church is located on Piazza Ventidio Basso and is accessible during religious services and for historical visits through its main entrance. Visitors can explore the interior at their own pace without formal restrictions.

Beneath the church lies the Crypt of Saint Silvester, dating from the 4th to 6th centuries, where early Christians received baptism. This ancient chamber is a rare remnant of early Christian history and reveals how the church was built over sacred ground.