Anatomical theatre of Modena, Anatomical theatre in Modena, Italy.

The Anatomical Theatre of Modena is a two-story building with wooden seating arranged in an amphitheater layout designed for medical demonstrations. The space was built so that all students could see clearly what was happening at the center where anatomical work took place.

The theatre opened in 1775 as an innovative facility for medical training in Italy. It marked a shift toward scientific education based on direct observation and practical study of the human body.

This space was where medical students and professors gathered to share knowledge about the human body through observation and discussion. The theatre shaped how doctors learned and showed the importance of hands-on study in medical training.

The theatre sits at Viale Jacopo Berengario 16 and is visited as part of the AGO Modena Fabbriche Culturali route, which also covers the former Sant'Agostino Hospital complex, the historic pharmacy and the church of Sant'Agostino. It reopened in 2018 after restoration and seismic strengthening following the 2012 earthquake. Since 1817 a staircase to the upper floor, built for the anatomy museum, has cut into the original ellipse, so the room is now a cavea rather than a full amphitheatre.

The theatre was designed by architect Lorenzo Toschi, who also directed the works, and its elliptical plan originally held 400 seats. After 1817, when an upper floor was added to house the anatomical museum, part of the ellipse was sacrificed to build the access staircase, leaving the present cavea shape.