Ibini Ukpabi

Ibini Ukpabi is a shrine within a cave system in southeastern Nigeria that contains an altar, multiple tunnels, sacred chambers, and a natural waterfall. The main entrance is a narrow gully about 6 feet (2 meters) deep, with a statue of Kamalu positioned outside the opening.

The site emerged as a supreme court serving communities east of the Niger River, wielding influence across the region for centuries. British forces destroyed it during the Anglo-Aro War, ending its role as a center of authority.

The shrine served as a center of justice and authority for the Aro Confederacy, drawing people from neighboring communities who sought resolution to their conflicts. This role shaped regional power dynamics and made the site a place where people trusted important decisions would be made.

The site is best visited during daylight hours since the caves are dark and uneven ground requires sturdy footwear. A local guide helps visitors navigate the different chambers safely and understand the layout of the tunnels.

The river running through the site has a reddish tint that visitors historically interpreted as a supernatural sign during judgment rituals. At a location known as the Hill of Rags, condemned individuals left behind their clothing as a mark of their verdict.