Orenburg Museum of Fine Arts, Art museum in Orenburg, Russia.

The Orenburg Museum of Fine Arts occupies a classical-style building that houses artwork displayed across multiple levels. The collection includes paintings, drawings, sculptures, and decorative objects spanning from the 16th century through contemporary times, representing Russian, Soviet, and Western European traditions.

The museum was founded in 1960 on the initiative of art historian Sergey Varlamov, who served as its first director until 1969. It opened in 1961 in a building erected in 1814 to a design by architect Mikhail Malakhov, which had housed the city duma, magistrate and orphan court. The core collection came from academician Lukian Popov, who worked in Orenburg, with additions from the Tretyakov Gallery, the Russian Museum and the Radishchev Museum in Saratov.

The museum keeps a collection of over 400 works by naive artists of the Orenburg region, including the serf painter Ierofei Mekhed and Vladimir Trubin, whose canvases date from the 1950s to the early 21st century. Its gallery "Orenburg Downy Shawl" holds a collection of the region's famous knitted shawls and sends travelling exhibitions to other Russian museums.

The museum is located in an accessible area of the city where visitors can explore at their own pace through the galleries. Tours can be arranged for groups or individuals seeking additional context about the artwork on display.

The museum received official recognition from the highest state level in 2021 for its contributions to preserving national artistic heritage. This honor highlights its importance in safeguarding and presenting artworks to a wider audience.