Dumat Al-Jandal, human settlement in Saudi Arabia
Dumat al-Jandal is an ancient site in northwestern Saudi Arabia situated in a large V-shaped depression surrounded by low limestone hills. The oasis spans about eight by six kilometers and is fed by underground water sources that sustain vegetation in the desert environment.
The site was inhabited by early humans more than 7,500 years ago, leaving tools and remains behind. It became a key trade point between South Arabia and North Mesopotamia during the Iron Age and retained importance under various rulers - from Nabataeans to Romans - through Islamic times.
The name Dumat al-Jandal comes from ancient Assyrian records that called it Adummatu. People from many backgrounds lived here together - Arab tribes, Nabataean traders, and Roman soldiers all left their marks through inscriptions and buildings that visitors can still see today.
The site is sparsely populated and sits in a hot, dry area where visitors should expect high temperatures and limited shade. Early morning or late afternoon offers the most comfortable conditions for exploring the ruins and walking through the oasis.
Remains of a large platform dating to around 6,000 BCE were discovered at the al-Burj promontory, showing that people settled here in prehistoric times and likely held ritual ceremonies. This early occupation makes it one of the longest continuously used places in the Arabian region.
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